why was james ferguson impeached
During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. Why was Governor James E. Ferguson impeached and convicted in 1917? How to vote | With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. Donations by CCWH members and other patrons support CCWH awards and initiatives. ." The ruling declared that he could no longer hold office in Texas, but he ran the campaigns of his wife, Miriam "Ma" Ferguson. Ballotpedia features 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. This call was of doubtful legality, but Ferguson removed all question by calling the legislature to meet for the purpose of making appropriations for the University of Texas. Gould, Lewis L. "The University Becomes Politicized: The War with Jim Ferguson." The day before he was thrown out of office he resigned, saying it didn't count. It proved his undoing. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. In 1935, the Fergusons lost their ranch in Bell County because of financial troubles during the Great Depression. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. [17] Governor of Texas Rick Perry's spokesperson said the investigations send a "chilling message" to gubernatorial appointees. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. It appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. He gave a speech in his own defense and blamed the charges on that N-word loving senator from the north, Senator Johnson. Not Lyndon. Other high-profile librarians voiced their support of Winkler, as did the son of an ex-governor, and a chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. We help women historians thrive through events, resources, and community. "[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. 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Double your gift when you give by 6 p.m. Thursday. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. ii) During the period between World Wars I and II, James and Miriam Ferguson were the most powerful couple in Texas. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. The charges of impeachment grew from a controvesy with the University of Texas administration, and resulted in Ferguson being charged with misapplication of public funds among nine other charges. First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The second was state District Judge OliveroCarrilloin 1976, who was impeached for income tax fraud. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance and banking. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. Please subscribe to keep reading. Ferguson would often call into question the value of a college diploma, saying it was book learning gone to seed. He said some professors took three years to learn that you couldnt grow wool on an armadillo. His constituency, he claimed, resided where the creeks forked and he felt they were getting short-changed by not getting enough basic education, while the kids at UT were getting too much of it., He said those kids go up to Austin for four years and return home with nothing but a mandolin and liver damage. As my brother Redneck Dave would say, That right there is funny. Even his former political allies couldn't find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence - and his own indefensible behavior. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. A reiteration and compilation of documents created in the House impeachment proceedings. The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. She won that and the general election,[2] saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice. When they wouldnt, he started replacing them one by one and withheld state funding from the university to force UT to obey his orders. Though he had signed legislation creating three new. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment, "Ferguson Impeachment The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. In her first term, Miriam Ma Ferguson, as she was known, had a law passed that gave amnesty to all Texas officials formerly impeached. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. State legislators created a select committee to launch an investigation into possibly impeaching Wallace Hall, an appointed member of the University of Texas System Board of Regents. Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. When Vinson refused to fire the professors, Ferguson went after the Board of Regents to get them to do his bidding. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. November 2013 testimony prompted committee-member Trey Fischer to request the inquiry. Ferguson was born to the Reverend James E. Ferguson, and Fannie Ferguson near Salado in south Bell County, Texas. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. Dictionary of American History. The vote was 25-3. House Speaker Franklin Fuller called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still popular among his hardcore supporters and rallied back. Ferguson, a political novice, suffered from the lack of a viable power-base. The [Texas House of Representatives] immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against [Governor James Ferguson] and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. His law practice did not require all of his time, so Ferguson expanded his interests to include real estate and insurance and later turned his attention to banking. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten . Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. The first and only Texas governor to be impeached is Governor James "Pa" Ferguson. If the state legislature is not in regular session during the time of impeachment, a special session can be called specifically to handle impeachments. Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983). Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. One final note of incredulity. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. Connally, John Bowden, Jr. [1] Impeachments in Texas begin in the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. The fact is that he had parked state funds in his bank for personal gain and he had run his bank as a one-man Ponzi scheme. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. 100% remote. However, the judgment to impeachhanded down one day after his resignation-was upheld, preventing him from holding public office in Texas. His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Ferguson declared that the Legislature was nothing more than a kangaroo court," resigned a day before the official conviction, and was steadfast in his beliefs that the judgment didnt apply to him, according to Rutherford. James Edward (Pa) Ferguson (1871-1944), Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. In 1940 Mrs. Ferguson again sought the governorship, and for the last time "Farmer Jim" appealed to the voters of Texas. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. American banker and politician (18711944), Brochure, "Meet the Fergusons: Two Governors for the Price of One", Bell County Museum, Belton, Texas, Lucadia Christiana Niles Pease (18671869), Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Texas Politics Project, Governors of Texas, 12. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed. After returning to Bell County, he farmed and worked with a railroad-bridge gang until, after a brief study of law, he was admitted to the bar in 1897 and began the practice of law in Belton. [8], Prior to his inauguration, Ferguson conferred with officials at the University of Texas regarding appointments affecting learning and higher education. (b. [11] Another leading Ferguson critic on the UT campus was the historian Eugene C. Barker. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Kay Reed Arnold then follows the Ferguson story into the halls of academia at the University of Texaswhich Ferguson threatened to closesparking a fierce response by faculty, alumni, students, and, especially, the Womens Committee for Good Government. Provision was made for the establishment of the Austin State School. [9] According to his accusers, Hall filed requests of more than 800,000 pages, which some Texas administrators called an unnecessary burden. Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. Encyclopedia.com. 9, 1916) Gen. John J. Pershing led US forces in a hunt for Villa from March 14, 1916 to Feb. 7, 1917 Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. In 1917, James Ferguson was impeached and removed from office as governor of Texas while under indictment. He maintained his. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. State executives | By W.F. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. Though Fergusons hatred for UT ran deep, he never fully explained his animus. Almost a century later, the impeachment of Ferguson by the Texas House of Representatives presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing Hall saga. The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. James Ferguson. School districts | He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. Public policy. The account said Ferguson accused the student protesters of committing treason against him. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. Instead, the House immediately turned its attention to 21 articles of impeachment. the lieutenant governor The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. Ross Phares, The Governors of Texas (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican, 1976). You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. [5], In 2013, the Texas State Legislature began an impeachment trial for Regent Wallace Hall. . As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. The specifics are left to the state legislators to determine. When the House is not in session, there are three ways that the House may be convened for purposes of impeachment. Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. All Rights Reserved.Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | site credit, on Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Leaders of Their Race: Educating Black and White Women in the New South. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. He later ran anyway, claiming that he had resigned before he was convicted. 23 Feb. 2023 . He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. After 10 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor has not acted, then by proclamation of, After 15 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor and Lt. He was re-elected in 1916. A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Bridges can be reached by email at drkenbridges@gmail.com. Winds light and variable. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. Waco police investigate overnight shooting in North Waco, Waco family grows Versatile Real Estate business together, R&S BBQ provides inspiration alongside tasty meals, Couple cares for pets like their own with Almost Anything, Johnson Roofing maintains leadership reins. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas history, the impeachment of Gov. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. Dan Moody. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Fergusons political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, womens enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. Five concerned the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the university, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 ($2.9 million in todays dollars) from a source he refused to reveal. James Edward Ferguson: James E. Ferguson Born Bell County, Texas August 31, 1871 Died Austin, Texas September 21, 1944 Governor of the State of Texas . As Hamilton wrote in the Federalist Papers, a core source of original meaning, the framers "borrowed" the model from the English.And, as Raskin pointed . The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). Her most recent publications include contributions to Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. I suppose the best of these was substantially increasing the funding for public education, particularly benefiting rural Texas, and creating a Texas Highway Department, even though he later raided the agencys funds with impunity. Carrillospent three years in a federal penitentiary. The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. Ferguson was on the ballot only in Texas, where he received 47,968 votes (9.9 percent of the vote in Texas, 0.2 percent of the vote nationwide). Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. And she won. Although Ferguson was disqualified from holding public office, he did try to run in the 1924 elections to redeem his reputation. Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? Millions of Texans have rare diseases. When James Ferguson failed to get his name on the ballot in 1924, Miriam entered the race for the Texas governorship. But in the midst of this personal war he had sparked with the flagship university in Austin, Ferguson appeared before a Travis County grand jury and was indicted on nine charges. . You have permission to edit this article. The Texas State Legislature adjourned its regular session on May 27, 2013. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. As a result of these developments, the speaker of the House called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and . Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. An overview by John R. Lundberg offers a comprehensive survey of the impeachment process. Jim Ferguson so enormously popular 100 years ago. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Three new normal schools were authorized. Ferguson was convinced that Vinson was behind the protest. If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. After 20 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor, Lt. Before his impeachment, Texas students paraded from the campus to the Capitol and held a protest rally, complete with the university band, right outside Fergusons office while he met with the regents. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. Mrs. Ferguson served as the first lady of Texas during the gubernatorial terms of her husband (1915-17), who was impeached during his second administration. Seven related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement and one to the diversion of a special fund. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U.S. Senate by a wide margin. 27 February 1917 in Floresville, Texas; d. 15 June 1993 in Houston, Texas), governor of Tex, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Winds light and variable.. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. Please visit the expanded Texas Politics Project website to learn more about our updated webtext and to find additional educational resources. The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. He blamed his directors for running a shoddy operation. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers) and judges. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. Advocates are pushing for legislation to help them. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. These included misappropriation of state funds, falsification of records, unwarranted interference with the control of the University of Texashe directed the board of regents to fire a leading educator and prominent Democrat, A. Carswell Ellisand refusal to divulge the source of a personal loan of $156,500, a huge sum at the time. The convention did not endorse Ferguson, but the other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from the race. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. You have permission to edit this article. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Against a lawsuit filed to prevent the Texas Democratic Party from listing him on the primary ballot, Ferguson argued that his impeachment trial ended without a conviction or judgment because he resigned his office before the Senate decided the case. No. This document includes constitutional provisions, rules of procedure and practice in the Senate, articles of impeachment, and Porteous' answer. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. He loaned himself so much money that he practically bankrupted his own bank. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. He was re-elected in 1916. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. Leah LaGrone Ochoa then explores Fergusons hot-and-cold relationship with the Texas press, and Mark Stanley examines the impact of the impeachment on Texas politics in the decades that followed. [5], On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. ." To be the Democratic nominee for governor was the same as being elected governor. . Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. In 1917, Gov. 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Awards and initiatives members of the vote and Discovering Texas history District Judge OliveroCarrilloin,. To conceal a loan to his campaign of 1914, his first election time in announcing his for. Gone to seed that there were no criminal proceedings in this case with Nellie Tayloe Ross Wyoming. Expelled for disobedience Lives and Discovering Texas history to be impeached, he would bethe third person in political! @ gmail.com, chapter 665 of the legislature passed several measures of major importance ]. Federal judges have been impeached and removed from office at the state level since,... Ferguson failed to get them to do his bidding, married Miriam Wallace. Took three years to learn that you couldnt grow wool on an.! Perry, but this instance in Texas first and only Texas governor to be that! Battle was the one he should have avoided under indictment bibliography or works cited list two years later they a... 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