Then we brought them down I think it was probably during one of my infrequent jaunts up there I brought them down in my car, and I then took them over and deposited them at the American Psychiatric Association. Amory: Jim Turner was one of two prosecutors on the case. And he has a much different memory of how it all went down. Were they *destroyed* or did you just take the patients name out? And Mary Morrow? Amory: Nearly everyone who experienced Camerons treatments first-hand has since died. The lawsuits were dismissed, even though it was later shown . Ewen married Agnes Cameron (born Bell) in 1867, at age 35 at marriage place. There is no such thing as closure. He theorized that attitudes and beliefs should reinforce the overall attitudes of the desired society. Sign up and be the first to find out the latest news and articles about what's going on in the medical field. At the heart of MKUltra, says The Guardian, was the broadcasting of videos of American POWs from the Korean War condemning their own country and lauding the benefits of Communism. So you can see that the work of Ewen Cameron, filtered through Gottlieb, definitely informs the interrogation techniques, if we want to call them that, that the United States has been using on its prisoners in Guantanamo and in black sites around the world. In 1929 he moved to Canada where he worked in the Brandon Mental Hospital in Manitoba as the physician in charge. Donald Hebb and Ewen Cameron were competitors; they did not collaborate, though Cameron incorporated Hebbs sensory isolation techniques into his own diabolical arsenal of psychiatrys instruments of torture. The second part of the technique was inspired by something called the Cerebrophone, which was essentially a "learn-while-you-sleep" recording device. Advertisement. To prevent this, the West would have to take measures to reorganize German society. Theres no clear approach to the summit only overgrown pathways. For example, something like rock music could be created by mentally ill people and would produce mentally ill people through infection, which in turn would be transmitted to the genes. And he admits that the papers he removed are now destroyed. [26] His "psychic driving" experiments consisted of putting a subject into a drug-induced coma for weeks at a time (up to three months in one case) while playing tape loops of noise or simple statements. Amory: Duncan also has an easy, quiet smile. If I put you through this program, within 24 hours to 48 hours you'll be in a diagnosable psychotic state. He warned that government institutions should take measures against such potential liabilities. His successor at Allan, Robert Cleghorn, would later write (via "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,""Cameron's controversial practices [are] now thoroughly discredited." Duncan: Thats my recollection, that any documents that related to patients were destroyed. We love making Endless Thread, and we want to be able to keep making it far into the future. In 1926, he served as assistant medical officer there[9] and was introduced to psychiatrist Sir David Henderson, a student of Swiss-born US psychiatrist Adolf Meyer. And that seemed to us to be a highly questionable action for someone to take. It has to do with another of his Adirondack hikes that changed the Cameron family forever. father. When then-CIA director Stansfield Turner testified about the program in 1977, he said (via the Smithsonian) that the bottom line was to develop "the use of biological and chemical materials in altering human behavior." He died of a heart attack while climbing a mountain in the Adirondacks in 1967. Amory: They bounced around between foster homes and orphanages for years, experienced emotional and physical abuse. For years, the patients of Dr. Ewen Cameron or, more accurately, the families of those patients have been trying to get compensation for the unthinkable experiments their loved ones were subjected to. He reported that "the subject's very identity had begun to disintegrate," and that's when someone should, ya know, stop. Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, 17t. [1] In papers published during this time he linked RNA to memory. I mean, he was that much of a scientist. [14] Hess later confessed that he had faked the amnesia. Deze informatie is onderdeel van Families Klein, Ree, de Breed en de Vries van Terschelling van Marthan Klein op Genealogie Online. Rauh: --Well, I will put it another way. Instead of being considered for the fellowship, the neurologist was admitted to his Allan Memorial Institute, diagnosed with schizophrenia, and given such a heavy dose of barbiturates that it triggered an allergic reaction and she suffered from a prolonged loss of oxygen to the brain. Duncan: I mean, it's very different than the caricature that you sometimes read in the press. Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allen, a small town in Scotland, on December 24, 1901. Amory: Sarahs grandmother, Val, sued the CIA forty years ago for supporting Dr. Camerons work at the Allan. He has an open, amused look on his face. Canada's McGill University has owned up to the part it played in MKUltra's Sub-project 68, and they say that it really started before Dr. Ewen Cameron even got involved. Cameron would analyze what conditions produced the stronger worker, what would be the necessary conditions to replicate this personality and to reward the stronger while disciplining the weaker. Cameron followed these schools in demanding that mental disturbances are diseases and somatic in nature; all psychological illness would therefore be hardwired, a product of the body and the direct result of a patient's biological structure rather than caused by social environments. He died of a heart attack while climbing a mountain in the Adirondacks in 1967. Heres journalist John Marks. Kinzer: This idea of some evil scientists taking control of someone else's mind is a wonderfully appealing trope, and it's been used repeatedly in very popular movies and books and stories. The human significance of his dark legacy was brought to public attention when nine of his Canadian victims filed lawsuits in 1980s twenty-one years after Camerons death. And I think my father would have too. Joseph Rauh Jr. was one of the attorneys that represented the group who filed lawsuits in the mid-1980s. According to "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,"he left his position at Allan and his patients in 1964. Marian: It's become so embedded in our narrative, in our pop culture, without people really understanding that it happened It was real. By literally wiping the minds of his subjects clean by depatterning and then trying to program in new behavior, Cameron carried the process known as brainwashing to its logical extreme., The dehumanizing nature of his methods were published in premier medical journals without any complaints from other psychiatrists; Cameron read papers about depatterning with electroshock before meetings of his fellow psychiatrists; and they rewarded him, electing him president of the American, Canadian, and World Psychiatric Associations. "A number of experiments at McGill University.". Ben: Did you ever get a sense of at least some of the things that he was trying to accomplish while he was at the Allan? Amory: Just not in the way he might have hoped. Harvey: It is frustrating, and if you talk about a story with no end, I think the important thing to remember is that it isn't just the patients who went through this, it was their families. And Camerons part of that. In 1963, the CIA published the Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation manual, and that's exactly what it sounds like guidelines on how to get people to talk. Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron did experiments so horrifying he's been called "Scotland's Mengele." Here's why MKUltra's top brainwashing scientist was a nightmare. Rauh: So any documents that would show the treatment of the plaintiffs in this case were destroyed? Did it work? Click here for the donation page. Some of this work took place in the context of the Project MKUltra program for the developing of mind control and torture techniques, psychoactive poisons, and behavior modification systems. The extent of Goldberg's treatment - or mistreatment - while in the care of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron at the Allan Memorial Institute, would remain an encumbering family secret for years. Ben: But there is reason to believe that these documents arent just missing. Cleghorn immediately went and took a long, hard look at what Cameron had actually been doing in his little corner of the university, and he was pretty shocked. [15], Before his arrival in Nuremberg, Cameron had written The Social Reorganization of Germany, in which he argued that German culture and its individual citizens would have to be transformed and reorganized. Amory: And I think you may have given a deposition for that. He didn't pull punches, saying, "We hanged Nazis for doing the sort of things Cameron did.". Ben: The main takeaway here is Duncan admitting that he did remove documents pertaining to specific patients, before giving his dads papers to the archives. [25], Cameron had been hoping to correct schizophrenia by "erasing" existing memories and "reprogramming" the psyche. Allan Cameron. He clearly had his mind set on doing unorthodox research long before the Agency front started to fund him. [8] Shes also signed on to the class-action lawsuit against McGill University, the Canadian government, and the CIA. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association (19521953), Canadian Psychiatric Association (19581959),[2] American Psychopathological Association (1963),[3] Society of Biological Psychiatry (1965)[4] and the World Psychiatric Association (19611966). It's Boston local news in one concise, fun and informative email. . Ian Donald Cameron is geboren in het jaar 1932 in Blairmore House, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, zoon van Ewen Donald CAMERON en Enid Agnes Maud LEVITA. Family 9 - Donald CAMERON 34, wife Agnes 30, children John 18, Margaret 13, Ann 12, Donald 10, Christian 8, Alexander 6, Dugald 2, Duncan 1/2 (see Donald Cameron) Family 10 - Duncan CAMERON 30 unmarried, sister Mrs McLENNAN 28 and Catherine McLENNAN 5 With a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, money from John Wilson McConnell of the Montreal Star, and a gift of Sir Hugh Allan's mansion on Mount Royal, the Allan Memorial Institute for psychiatry was founded. He studied Medicine at the University of Glasgow and obtained his degree in 1924. . Psychiatry would play a disciplinary role. Jean Steel was another one of Cameron's patients, and like the others she didn't sign up to be a part of MKUltra, depatterning, or psychic driving at all. I'm the oldest son of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron and Jean Cameron. 22 As the Watergate scandal broke in 1973, MKUltra was officially ordered to be shut down by the CIA. Amory: Eventually though, it wasnt just Camerons successor who was calling him out. About 55 families of victims who underwent medical experimentation in the 1950s and 1960s are suing for millions of dollars. Although society had established sanctions against the spread of infectious diseases, Cameron wanted to extend the concept of contagion to chronic anxiety. [34], Naomi Klein states in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to MKUltra were not about mind control and brainwashing, but "to design a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources.' Josh Crane Twitter Producer, Podcasts & New ProgramsJosh is a producer for podcasts and new programs at WBUR. Duncan: No, he had some peculiar hobb-- he loved science fiction. You can see out a window. Yeah so it was sad. ", And what about the CIA, who had approved and funded the research in the first place? After his treatments patients were unable to function; they had been reduced to a state of infancy. . Cameron believed that mental illness was literally contagious that if one came into contact with someone with mental illness, one would begin to produce the symptoms of a mental disease. The psychiatric community could have questioned his methods, but they remained silent. Amory: He doesnt explicitly say that he was the one who did the destroying. Ben: Which brings us back to a question that no one can answer why did Dr. Cameron do what he did? According to what his son, Duncan, told WBUR, it was 1967 when he decided to climb Street Mountain in the Adirondacks. You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. Cregg: What do you know about mind-control experiments? Cameron wanted to build an inventive psychiatric institution to determine rapid ways for societal control while demanding a psychological economy that did not center itself around guilt and guilt complexes. Cameron focused primarily on biological descriptive psychiatry and applied the British and European schools and models of the practice. And in a sense, that's what he wanted to do professionally. Their diagnosis was amnesia and hysteria, per a short commentary in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Like Freud, Cameron maintained that the family was the nucleus of social behavior and anxieties later in life were spawned during childhood. Patients were tested in the Radio Telemetry Laboratory, which was built under Cameron's direction. He graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. As the CBC notes, it's sourced pretty heavily from Cameron's work, and talks about things like "deprivation of sensory stimuli, threats and fear, pain, hypnosis and narcosis," and the source of their research? Tell us about your reaction to this episode or send us a story idea. These experiments were typically carried out on patients who had entered the Institute for minor problems such as anxiety disorders and postnatal depression; many were permanently debilitated after these treatments. Cameron's work stopped when she gave birth, and Lloyd remembered a broken mother. (McCoy, 2007) Indeed, Hebb and Camerons contribution as pioneers who designed the psychological paradigm for torture used by the CIA was acknowledged by The McGill Daily, in 2012. The goal, says CBC, was to reduce the patient to what was called a "childlike state," with some people destroyed so completely that they could no longer walk, talk, or dress themselves Shoelaces? In this, he hoped to establish a suitable method to reinstate a form of justice in Germany that could prevent its society from recreating the attitudes that led it from the Great War to World War II. Care of his patients went to his assistants, and here's where things get even weirder. Amory: Author Stephen Kinzer, who wrote the book about the CIA and Mind Control, says, after Vietnam, this same literature got used elsewhere. It was a heart attack and was very sudden. "Madness: The Secret Mission for Mind Control and the People Who Paid the Price" an investigative series in 5 parts unravels the shocking history of CIA-funded mind-control experiments. His list of credentials was so long it's impossible to list them all, but for starters, his resume included the University of Glasgow and Johns Hopkins, and in the 1930s, he was lauded for setting up a series of psychiatric clinics. Or do you remember any of --. Amory: In spite of Camerons ambition and prestige, he never helped find a cure for mental illness, he never won a Nobel Prize for psychiatry. He argued that people with mental illnesses could spread and transmit their diseases. [7], Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, the oldest son of a Presbyterian minister. We hope you enjoyed reading this excerpt from this mini book on the Scottish history of the Cameron family. Do you remember that? [6] Decades after his own death, the psychic driving technique he developed continued to see extensive use in the torture of prisoners around the world. The Guardian talked to Alison Steel, Jean's daughter and one of the many family members trying to shine a light on what was done to their loved ones without their consent. Research genealogy for donald ewen Cameron of Melbourne, Victoria, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. Cameron placed the psychiatric treatment unit inside of the hospital and inspected its success. Husband of Marielene Schlumberger. Ben: Sure. It affected a lot of people. Any documents that related to patient treatment were destroyed? We shouldn't have done it, I'm sorry we did it.". And here he is with me many years ago. Amory: But, Camerons extreme measures didnt result in a Nobel Prize or any mental health breakthroughs, which is why Harvey finds a certain poetry in his untimely death. Hij is overleden in het jaar 2010 in Near Toulon, France. I'm sure part of him very much wanted to be the person who cures mental illness. That right there is getting into some shady territory, but the promise of a $10,000 grant the equivalent of just over $100,000 today had to be pretty tempting. He had patients. Kinzer: Later on, it became the basis for manuals that the CIA provided in the 1980s to police forces in Latin America that were known to practice torture. The first was for 18 days and the second for 29 days, all while hearing endless recorded messages and being subjected to a series of electroshock therapy sessions. The paper stated that German culture and its people would have offspring bound to become a threat to world peace in 30 years. Hij is getrouwd met (Niet openbaar), ze kregen 1 kind. He died three years later. Alison Steel says her mother was never the same after undergoing. She's the exception, though, and the CBC says that 2020 saw others like Lana Ponting, who was just 16 when she was sent to the sleep room hoping that year, it would finally be their year, thanks to a class action lawsuit filed in 2019. Although Cameron rejected the Freudian notion of the unconscious, he shared the Freudian idea that personal psychology is linked to the nervous nature. Cameron began to develop broader theories of society, new concepts of human relations to replace concepts he deemed dangerous and outdated. Amory: What was your father like as a dad? Shes a member of SAAGA, or Survivors Allied Against Government Abuse. in psychological medicine from the University of Glasgow in 1924, a D.P.M. It was the start of a series of experiments backed by the British, the Americans, and the Canadians, and they wanted to know what prolonged sensory deprivation actually did to a person. Ben: Sure, but I mean, in terms of trying to help cure people of mental illness or anything like that, not necessarily his process, but his end goal. Ex-husband of Enid Agnes Maud Watson. It describes various personalities that he believed were of marked danger to all members of society. For Cameron, the traits were contagions and anyone affected by the societal, cultural or personality forms would themselves be infected. As time has worn on, its become the families of those victims who shoulder the burden. The sick were, for Cameron, the viral infection to its stability and health. And the funeral was yet another opportunity for Marian and her siblings to learn more about the mother who had been absent for so much of their childhoods. Amory: Duncan knows how to be very careful about what he says. That could be heightened with various drugs, eventually was replaced by positive messages, and the so-called "psychic driving" would continue. Esther Schrier who was a nurse at Montreal's Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her first child at just three weeks of age. Or answer questions about his motivations, whether or not he knew he was part of the CIAs mind control efforts. We encourage you to research and examine these records to . Those with anxieties or insecurities and who had trouble with the state of the world were labelled as "the weak"; in Cameron's analysis, they could not cope with life and had to be isolated from society by "the strong". Experts must develop methods of forcefully changing attitudes and beliefs to prevent the authoritarian overlord. Ben: Street Mountain is a strange choice for a bucket list. Duncan: Well, I think he was always fascinated in the future. She said she received 12 boxes of her husbands papers after he died, but that, quote, If I had these papers, I wouldnt necessarily let you see them. Jean spent three months under Cameron's care, and spent two periods in a drug-induced coma. Sounds questionable? Ben: Im Ben Brock Johnson, and youre listening to Endless Thread, the show featuring stories found in the vast ecosystem of online communities called Reddit. Amory: In the Lake Placid community where Dr. Camerons family spent the bulk of their summers, his sudden death from a heart attack while hiking was big news. "Now, that was a foolish mistake. The idea that people needed to sit down and talk about their problems was the old way of doing things, and Cameron was living in an era where things were getting more and more automated. Hebb submitted his findings to the CIA, and it ended up being just the beginning. His work had led him to the belief that mental illness could be "cured" like, say, a broken hip might be rehabilitated. Skip Ancestry main menu Main Menu. And he put Camerons treatment program under the microscope. The insecure man "They are the driven crowds that makes the army of the authoritarian overlord; they are the stuffing of conservatism mediocrity is their god. The Canadian government also funded the project. Amory: But even on their long drives from Montreal to upstate New York, Duncan says his dad never really talked about work. Other similar psychiatric diagnoses of Germany were published during this time. Ben: But, as human experiments at the Allan Memorial Institute, and MK-ULTRAs mind control efforts, fade into history, reduced to references in tv shows and video game plot points, there are troubling examples of these techniques still in use today. Amory: You're welcome to pull it out now. Very different. It was reported that none of the patients sent to the Radio Telemetry Lab showed any signs of improvement. First I have to say that my father was exceedingly committed to his field. In this manner, somatic causes could be compared. Amory: Duncan struggles dealing with his dads legacy because he cant speak to why his dad did what he did. Memorials. Even as he wrote about Cameron's "warmth [which was] never allowed to appear as intimacy," he wrote about a pretty big blind spot: Cameron had apparently hired a few assistants with "psychopathic personalities.". That no one can answer why did Dr. Cameron do what he wanted to be careful! 1929 he moved to Canada where he worked in the Adirondacks in 1967 clearly had his mind set on unorthodox... Fascinated in the future he was always fascinated in the medical field we encourage you to and. Stability and health at Montreal 's Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her child. Of marked danger to all members of the Cameron family is linked to class-action., Duncan says his dad did what he says he cant speak to why his dad did what wanted. Was amnesia and hysteria, per a short commentary in the mid-1980s function ; they had been reduced a... 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